Kali Research LLCResearch Access Portal

All compounds are designated Research Use Only (RUO). Not for human consumption, veterinary use, or clinical application.

Research Compound CatalogPerformance & Cellular ResearchNAD+ Research Profile
Performance & Cellular Research
Research Use Only

Essential Coenzyme — Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Oxidized Form)

NAD+

Essential Coenzyme — Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Oxidized Form)

Research StatusLiterature Reviewed Through: July 2026
Research Use Only
Updated Periodically

Research Profiles are reviewed periodically as new peer-reviewed literature becomes available.

Available Strength
500 mg / vial
CAS Number
53-84-9
Performance & Cellular Research laboratory research
Performance & Cellular Research
Research at a Glance

Major published findings — summarized in under 30 seconds.

1
Significant age-related decline in NAD+ levels has been documented across multiple tissues in published human and animal studies.
2
Restoration of NAD+ levels in aged animal models has been associated with improvements in mitochondrial function.
3
Activation of sirtuin proteins — which regulate aging-related gene expression — depends on NAD+ availability.
4
NAD+ consumption during DNA repair has been identified as a potential driver of age-related NAD+ depletion.
5
Research into NAD+ precursor compounds (such as NMN and NR) as a strategy to restore levels is an active area of investigation.

What Is This Compound?

NAD+ is a molecule found in every living cell and is essential to how cells produce and use energy. It acts as a helper molecule in hundreds of chemical reactions, particularly those involved in converting food into usable energy inside the cell's mitochondria. Beyond energy metabolism, NAD+ also plays a role in DNA repair, gene regulation, and cellular stress responses. Research has shown that NAD+ levels decline significantly as people age — by roughly half between young adulthood and middle age — and this decline has been linked to reduced cellular function in aging studies. Because of this, NAD+ has become a central focus of aging and metabolic research.

Continue below to see what published research has observed so far.

What Has Research Found?

1
Significant age-related decline in NAD+ levels has been documented across multiple tissues in published human and animal studies.
2
Restoration of NAD+ levels in aged animal models has been associated with improvements in mitochondrial function.
3
Activation of sirtuin proteins — which regulate aging-related gene expression — depends on NAD+ availability.
4
NAD+ consumption during DNA repair has been identified as a potential driver of age-related NAD+ depletion.
5
Research into NAD+ precursor compounds (such as NMN and NR) as a strategy to restore levels is an active area of investigation.

Want to understand why these findings occur? Continue to the scientific overview below.

The Science Behind It

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme found in all living cells, functioning as a central mediator of cellular energy metabolism and redox reactions. It serves as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and as a substrate for a broad class of enzymes including sirtuins (SIRTs), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and CD38. NAD+ levels decline with age and metabolic stress, and this decline is studied in the context of aging biology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic disease.

Mechanism of Action

NAD+ participates in over 500 enzymatic reactions as a hydride acceptor in catabolic pathways (glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation) and as a signaling molecule when consumed by NAD+-dependent enzymes. Sirtuin deacylases use NAD+ to regulate protein acetylation states on histones and metabolic enzymes, linking NAD+ availability to epigenetic regulation and metabolic adaptation. PARP enzymes consume NAD+ during DNA damage repair, creating competition for the NAD+ pool under genotoxic stress. CD38, a major NAD+ hydrolase, is studied as a regulator of systemic NAD+ homeostasis.

Key Research Characteristics
Essential coenzyme participating in over 500 enzymatic reactions across all living cells
Substrate for sirtuins (SIRTs), PARPs, and CD38 — linking energy metabolism to epigenetic regulation
Plasma and tissue NAD+ levels decline approximately 50% between young adulthood and middle age
Central to mitochondrial electron transport chain function and cellular redox homeostasis
Studied as a target for aging intervention through NAD+ precursor supplementation research
Hygroscopic and solution-labile — requires careful handling protocols in laboratory settings

Research Applications

Cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial function research
Sirtuin biology and epigenetic regulation studies
DNA damage response and PARP activity research
Aging and senescence biology
NAD+ biosynthesis pathway investigation

Compound Specifications

Available Strength
500 mg / vial
Appearance
White to off-white crystalline powder
Purity
≥98% (HPLC)
Storage Conditions
−20 °C; protect from light and moisture; hygroscopic
Storage After Reconstitution
Use promptly; 4 °C up to 24 hours; avoid repeated freeze-thaw
Molecular Formula
C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
Molecular Weight
663.4 g/mol
CAS Number
53-84-9
Research Status
Research Use Only (RUO)

Scientific References

1.Verdin E. NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2015;350(6265):1208–1213.
2.Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence. Cell Metab. 2018;27(3):529–547.
3.Camacho-Pereira J, et al. CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. Cell Metab. 2016;23(6):1127–1139.
4.[Placeholder] Peer-reviewed publication on NAD+ measurement methodology in tissue samples.
5.[Placeholder] Technical reference: stability and hydrolysis kinetics of NAD+ in aqueous solution.

Placeholder entries are reserved for peer-reviewed publications. All references are provided for scientific context only.

Current State of Research

Research Use Only

All information presented on this Research Profile is intended exclusively for laboratory research purposes. This compound is designated Research Use Only (RUO) and is not intended for human consumption, veterinary use, or any clinical application. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or medical condition.

This material is sold solely for in vitro research and laboratory investigation by qualified scientific personnel. Kali Research LLC makes no representations regarding the safety or efficacy of this compound for any use outside of controlled laboratory research settings. Researchers are solely responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and institutional regulations governing the use of research compounds.

Not for human consumptionNot for veterinary useNot for clinical applicationQualified researchers onlyIn vitro / laboratory use
Research Inquiry

Request Information

Need additional technical documentation on NAD+? Submit an inquiry and a member of our team will respond.

Research Profile
Specifications
Available Strength500 mg / vial
AppearanceWhite to off-white crystalline powder
Purity≥98% (HPLC)
Storage Conditions−20 °C; protect from light and moisture; hygroscopic
Storage After ReconstitutionUse promptly; 4 °C up to 24 hours; avoid repeated freeze-thaw
Molecular FormulaC₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
Molecular Weight663.4 g/mol
CAS Number53-84-9

Need additional technical documentation? Submit an inquiry and our team will respond.

Research Use Only (RUO). Not for human consumption, veterinary use, or clinical application.